Agriculture in Brazil Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis Free Essays

This paper inspected the recorded and political guideline of rural approach definition in Brazil from 1964 to 1992. The article additionally fixated on how exchange, credit, and backing value strategy developed in light of financial emergency and democratization during the 1980s. The monetary emergency made the rural strategy of Brazil be overhauled with the change in political system and with the foundations of intrigue bunch portrayal that fundamentally affected the bearing of strategy change projects and appraisals. We will compose a custom article test on Farming in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The arrival to a popularity based system of this country allowed the nearby lawmaking bodies and the legal executive to participate in progressively critical rural arrangement rules. At the same time, the republic prompted the scrutinizing of different foundations and there was a rise of increasingly participatory associations in the farming area. These progressions have caused strategy making to turn out to be progressively dependent upon unequivocal guidelines, which should prompt increasingly unsurprising arrangements and a drawn out decrease in oppression Brazilian farming (Helfand 1999). Brazil advanced farming and significantly accomplished a fast development in this division, however its record on destitution was baffling (Helfand 2001). One explanation was that inclinations inside the agrarian part, strikingly in tax collection and financed credit, favor enormous ranchers and work to the impediment of work. These predispositions communicate with the profoundly biased introductory land dispersion to decrease the additions to the poor from development. Brazil clearly shows that advancing agribusiness isn't sufficient. Approaches inside the segment additionally matter. Brazil’s annual duty significantly favors horticulture comparable to different areas, yet just the rich can receive the rewards. Through extraordinary arrangements in the personal assessment code, enterprises can prohibit up to 80 percent of farming benefits from their available pay, and people can incorporate 90 percent. Fixed speculations can be completely deteriorated in the main year and can even be devalued two to multiple times over. This, along with high expansion, empowers companies and the rich to over put resources into land. The outcome has been the gathering of enormous Agribusiness in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis Page 2 landholdings and increments in land costs that surpass development in land efficiency. The poor don't profit by the tax cuts, since they cover no personal expense, and they can't bear to purchase land. Many move to outskirts territories looking for unclaimed land. A dynamic land assessment could balance the inclination in the annual duty. Brazil attempted this however fizzled due to far reaching avoidance and numerous exemptions. One such special case, proposed to support land use, lessens the expense by up to 90 percent if proprietors utilize the land to nibble cows. This advances the change of forestland to uneconomic domesticated animals farming, decreases the interest for work, and has unsafe condition results (Grahan 1987). Rural credit has been extraordinarily contorted in Brazil. Up to this point, genuine financing costs on legitimate credit were negative, and genuine loan fees on advances for agribusiness were lower than in the nonagricultural segment (Grahan 1987). The distinction in credit terms between parts has been promoted in the cost of land. Despite the fact that sponsorships raise benefits in agribusiness, they have essentially profited enormous ranchers and have empowered extreme automation, again lessening the interest for incompetent work. Destitute individuals who need land titles have not profited by credit appropriations. Agrarian arrangements in Brazil have diminished work request and have made it practically unimaginable for a needy individual to purchase land and become a rancher. Open doors for incompetent specialists to get aptitudes by turning out to be long haul laborers have been generously diminished by financed automation (Helfand 1999). The years from 1947 to 1963 were for the most part called the import replacement period. The essential farming objective in the principal time frame was to create a sufficient gracefully of sensibly valued nourishment for urban workers. An auxiliary objective was to create outside trade to fund the importation of modern crude materials and capital products. Horticulture was not viewed as an essential development part, yet rather a repository for surplus work not consumed by quick Farming in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis Page 3 industrialization. From 1961 to 1963, food deficiencies, high food costs, and close hyper-swelling constrained the administration to focus on the horticultural part. The powerlessness to adapt to these issues and worry over liberal legislative issues brought about the military-drove upheaval of 1964. The subsequent period (1964 to introduce) is a period of financial development portrayed by send out extension and broadening. The military governments after 164 upheld a totally unique job for the agrarian division. The general backwardness of the part was recognized, yet the causes and fixes were seen in an unexpected way. Ranchers were accepted to be receptive to costs and the bends and disincentives made in the previous period were slowly expelled. New government speculations and motivations underlined modernization of farming (Truran 1977). Enormous amounts of financed credit were attached to the acquisition of â€Å"modern† sources of info, for example, improved seed, composts, synthetic substances, and apparatus (Grahan 1987). These information sources were made all the more effectively accessible by swapping scale controls, exaggerated trade rates, charge exclusions, and direct government circulation. Low premium advances for working expenses and venture use urged ranchers to create certain harvests and domesticated animals. Ventures to improve advertising and transportation offices were made, to a limited extent, to profit the farming division. Horticultural exploration and expansion got more consideration as the turn of events and adjustment of innovation got significant despite stale yields (Truran 1977). Rural advancement in Brazil since its commencement has additionally been related with the augmentation of its property boondocks. After 1950, this procedure has been enhanced by some framework advancement, embraced by enormous ranchers and privately owned businesses, who Farming in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis Page 4 were intensely sponsored through negative financing costs, particularly during the 1970s (Grahan 1987). Instructions to refer to Agriculture in Brazil: Perils, Trials, and Economic Crisis, Papers

Brain Development :: Child Development, Neurons

Kid advancement is pivotal all through the early years, during this time the improvement of the mind happens. The advancement of the mind adds to the working of the body. The life systems of the cerebrum is comprised of neurons and separated into four distinct flaps. The transient, frontal, parietal, and occipital flaps control an assortment of psychological capacities. The cerebrum controls basic capacities, for example, fine and gross engine abilities, vision, and memory. As per Meadows (1993, p.263), at a wide range of levels in the cerebrum there are programs for capacities, for example, breathing, resting, and creating sound language. Mental health in kids is crucial during the early years. During the early years, youngsters minds are dynamic empowering kids to get familiar with an assortment of data. Numerous investigations have been directed and they have finished up a sound way of life, physical action, and presenting small kids to an assortment of instruction material help w ith kid advancement. The initial barely any long periods of a child’s life is significant to the extent his scholarly just as socio-enthusiastic capacities are concerned (Bose, 2000). Mental health Minds and the more trivial pieces of the sensory system are comprised of neurons (Meadows, 1993 p. 266). The cerebrum is comprised of neurons, axons, dendrites, and neurotransmitter. They all have their individual employment that adds to the working of the body. The heaviness of the cerebrum increments as a youngster forms into adulthood. As indicated by Siegler and Alibali (2005, p13), the adjustments in the size of the cerebrum make it workable for cutting edge thinking. The neurons are the working center of the cerebrum (Brotherson, 2005). The mind starts to create in the mother’s belly and keep on creating as the youngster creates. The neuron has branches projecting from the phone imparting signs to the neurotransmitter and axon. The neural connection and axon shapes the mind which permits associations with be made. Little youngsters learn new data when they follow a similar daily schedule on a normal base. In the event that a parent more than once considers a youngster a specific name, at that point associations structure that permit the kid to perceive that name after some time and the individual in question will start to react to that name (Brotherson, 2005). Through dull encounters the axons and neural connection fortify making learning occur. The mind is isolated into four significant projections: the frontal flap, parietal flap, occipital flap, and the fleeting projection. Every projection adds to psychological advancement in small kids.

Three Tips for Efficient Communication with our Office COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Three Tips for Efficient Communication with our Office COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Office of Admissions and Financial Aid is meant to be a resource for you as you go through the admissions process. Help us help you stay efficient in getting information by following these three tips for communicating with our office: Use the same name and email address each time. Whether communicating with us or opening an application, consistency is important for us to search and recall past communications to help you get what you need. Familiarize yourself with the Admissions FAQs. Have you ever been asked a question that the asker could have done a quick internet search to find the answer? We have! We love to speak with people and help them out, but we can get backlogged with questions that are clearly answered on the Frequently Asked Questions page. Those are questions that we collect directly from applicants like you, so chances are that you’ll find the answer to your question more quickly that way. (But we do answer all emails sent to our office, in case you’re wondering.) General professional email etiquette will speed things up. This includes using descriptive subject lines in emails, including your contact information in your email signature, and avoiding long emails. Long emails can be subjective, but if for example, we receive an email with multiple detailed questions, itll take us longer to dig through it. With that, you can consider breaking them into separate emails over a short period of time to allow us to respond more efficiently. Another email etiquette tip? Avoid copying multiple parties on the same email. I know when I see four other people copied on an email sent to me, I may just let someone else answer the email first, or itll spawn more emails itself as we all check who is going to take point on it. If youre unsure who the email should go to, trust that the person you send it to will direct it to the right place! Remember, were here to help you, and we love when you help us help you.

Three Tips for Efficient Communication with our Office COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Three Tips for Efficient Communication with our Office COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Office of Admissions and Financial Aid is meant to be a resource for you as you go through the admissions process. Help us help you stay efficient in getting information by following these three tips for communicating with our office: Use the same name and email address each time. Whether communicating with us or opening an application, consistency is important for us to search and recall past communications to help you get what you need. Familiarize yourself with the Admissions FAQs. Have you ever been asked a question that the asker could have done a quick internet search to find the answer? We have! We love to speak with people and help them out, but we can get backlogged with questions that are clearly answered on the Frequently Asked Questions page. Those are questions that we collect directly from applicants like you, so chances are that you’ll find the answer to your question more quickly that way. (But we do answer all emails sent to our office, in case you’re wondering.) General professional email etiquette will speed things up. This includes using descriptive subject lines in emails, including your contact information in your email signature, and avoiding long emails. Long emails can be subjective, but if for example, we receive an email with multiple detailed questions, itll take us longer to dig through it. With that, you can consider breaking them into separate emails over a short period of time to allow us to respond more efficiently. Another email etiquette tip? Avoid copying multiple parties on the same email. I know when I see four other people copied on an email sent to me, I may just let someone else answer the email first, or itll spawn more emails itself as we all check who is going to take point on it. If youre unsure who the email should go to, trust that the person you send it to will direct it to the right place! Remember, were here to help you, and we love when you help us help you.

California State University, Fresno Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

California State University, Fresno is a public university with an acceptance rate of 58%. Fresno State, part of the California State University system, occupies a 388-acre main campus at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains midway between Los Angeles and San Francisco. The Craig School of Business is popular among students, and Business Administration has the highest undergraduate enrollment of all majors. High achieving students might want to consider the Smittcamp Honors College which offers a variety of scholarships to admitted students. In athletics, the Fresno State Bulldogs compete in the NCAA Division I  Mountain West Conference. Considering applying to Fresno State? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, California State University, Fresno had an acceptance rate of 58%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 58 students were admitted, making Fresno States admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 18,476 Percent Admitted 58% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 34% SAT Scores and Requirements Cal State Fresno  requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 97% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 460 570 Math 460 550 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Fresno States admitted students fall within the  bottom 29% nationally  on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Cal State Fresno scored between 460 and 570, while 25% scored below 460 and 25% scored above 570. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 460 and 550, while 25% scored below 460 and 25% scored above 550. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1120 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Cal State Fresno. Requirements Fresno State does not require the SAT writing section. Note that CSUF will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. SAT Subject test scores are not required, but if the score meets a benchmark, it may be used to fulfill certain core course requirements. ACT Scores and Requirements Cal State Fresno requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 34% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 15 22 Math 16 22 Composite 16 22 This admissions data tells us that most of Cal State Fresnos admitted students fall within the  bottom 27% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Fresno State received a composite ACT score between 16 and 22, while 25% scored above 22 and 25% scored below 16. Requirements Cal State Fresno does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, Fresno State superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA for incoming Cal State Fresno freshmen was 3.53. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Fresno State have primarily high B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph California State University, Fresno Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Cal State Fresno. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Cal State Fresno, which accepts just over half of applicants, has a selective admissions process. Unlike the  University of California System, the  California State University  admission process is not  holistic. Except for EOP (Educational Opportunity Program) students, applicants do  not  need to submit letters of recommendation or an application essay, and extracurricular involvement is not part of the standard application. Instead, admissions are  based primarily on an  eligibility index  that combines GPA and test scores. Minimum high school course requirements (A-G college preparatory requirements) include four years of English; three years of math; two years of history and social science; two years of laboratory science; two years of a foreign language other than English; one year of visual or performing arts; and one year of a college preparatory elective. The reasons why an applicant with adequate scores and grades would be rejected tends to come down to fa ctors such as insufficient college preparatory classes, high school classes that werent challenging, or an incomplete application. Be aware that California State University, Fresno is designated as  impacted  for all majors because it receives more applications than can be accommodated. Due to impaction, the university holds all applicants to a higher standard. In the graph above, the green and blue dots represent accepted students. The majority of admitted students had GPAs of of about 3.0 or higher, SAT scores (ERWM) of 900 or higher, and ACT scores of 17 or higher. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and California State University, Fresno Undergraduate Admissions Office.

What Is Industrialization

Industrialization is a historical phase and experience. Industrialization is the overall change in circumstances accompanying a societys movement population and resources from farm production to manufacturing production and associated services. Terms related to Industrialization: Kuznets CurveCapital DeepeningFree Market Economy Resources on Industrialization: Two Responses to We Will Never Run out of OilEarly Farm Policy in the United StatesAmerican Economic Growth: Movement South and Westward Writing a Term Paper? Here are a few starting points for research on Industrialization: Books on Industrialization: The Railway Journey: The Industrialization and Perception of Time and SpaceThe Political Economy of American Industrialization, 1877-1900Health and Welfare during Industrialization Journal Articles on Industrialization: Industrialization and the Big PushIncome Distribution, Market Size, and Industrialization

Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Research Paper Online

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Basic Computer Networking

Question: Discuss about the Article for Basic Computer Networking? Answer: Definitions and Roles: IP Address and DNS: IP address is the unique string having numbers where full stops make the separation. The string identifies each computer through usage of Internet Protocol for communicating through network. The IP address is a numeric label that assigns to the computer and printer participating in the network that uses the IP for the purpose of communication. The IP address has two primary functions, i) identification of the host or network interface and ii) addressing of the location. In generally the IP addresses are used by the router devices to forward messages from one computer to other on the internet [1]. The router plays a role in a telephone switch that makes a connection between the dialed number and the caller. If a message passes through the web, it breaks down into the pieces, termed as packets where each and every packet goes through its route. The header of each packet contains the IP address information. The computer sends the packet along with the source intellectual property and destination IP address to the receiving computer. The routers do the necessary reading of the destination and source IP address in the packets and forward them in accordance. The Domain Name Servers (DNS) are the phone books equivalent in the terms of networking [2]. The DNS usually maintains the directory of the names of the domain and eventually converts them into the IP addresses. The necessity behind DNS is that though the users can be able to remember the names of the area, the machines, and the computers frequently access the websites through the help of IP addresses only. The DNS gives the resolution for the name for Networks of TCP / IP. It makes possible to the client computers users for using names in the place of numeric IP addresses for the identification of hosts [3]. The client computer typically forwards the name of the host at remote locations to the DNS server, that eventually responds with the related IP address. Server and Client The Server is the computer program or a computer that has the responsibility for managing the access to a centralized service or resource in a network. In the technical terms, the server is the example of a computer program that has the power to accept and respond to the requests made by the other programs [4]. In general, it can be said that any device that runs the server software termed as the server. The server describes the primary function or use of a computer. The computer is a dedicated one which will perform a single function highly employed in an organization. In other cases, it can play several roles if each part used in a very gentle manner. The server provides the users in an organization to access the resources such as websites, printers or files attached to the other computers. VPN The Virtual Private Network or VPN is the procedure for the addition of privacy and security in the public and private networks [5]. It looks similar to the internet and the WiFi Hotspots. Large corporate houses usually use the VPNs for the protection of the data which are very sensitive. It makes the extension of the private network through the network of public nature such as the internet. It gives the users the ability to received and send the data through the public networks of shared nature [6]. It acts just like their devices of computing are connected directly to the private network. The creation of a VPN can take place with the help of the establishment of a virtual point to point connection through the use of dedicated connections, protocols of virtual tunneling. Firewall The firewall is the security system in a network, either based on hardware or software, which normally has a control on the outgoing and incoming traffic on the network by a set of rules. It is a system that gets designed for prevention of unauthorized access to a private network. The firewall has the responsibility to act as a point of demarcation in the network as all the communication should go through it [7]. The firewall also grants or rejects the access of the traffic. It, therefore, enforces access controls by the help of a positive control model. The firewall has the power to block the traffic, which intended for the particular IP addresses. It has two network interfaces, one for external and the other one for internal. The purpose of it is to control the traffic that will be allowed to traverse from one side to another [8]. The firewall also protects the network from threats of denial of service attacks. LAN vs. WAN LAN denotes the Local Area Network. It refers to the system that is widely accessible to the entire internet. The example of a LAN is the network in the office or at home. WAN implies the Wide Area Network that is an extension of a LAN. WAN is meant to be the internet as a whole [9]. The term WAN is used to describe a vast network. The LAN is a network of computers that span in a small area. It confines to a single room or building. The LAN can get connected to the other LANs through the lines of the telephone and the radio waves. On the other hand, WAN is a network of telecommunications or network of computers that extends through a distance of a large geographical area [10]. It can establish through the circuits of leased telecommunications. Summary describing the home network configuration provided If two or more computers get linked together, then a home network gets set up. If the networking set up gets configured, then the computers and other devices are connected to the internet for sharing files and devices such as printers. A network also makes possible for information flow from one computer to the other [11]. A connection of cable modem with cable outlet will be at first for configuring a home network. Then a router will be used to connect the cable modem and make the distribution of the signal to the multiple devices for connection sharing. It will also share the printers and files. The protection of the home network and data from the outsiders will get ensured as the router will be responsible for acting as the firewall [12]. The Ethernet and the Wifi network can be used to connect the computers to the home network. References Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo, and Jennifer Frangos.Linked: the new science of networks science of networks. Basic Books, 2014. Hayes, Jeremiah.Modeling and analysis of computer communications networks. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Kim, Hyojoon, and Nick Feamster. "Improving network management with software defined networking."Communications Magazine, IEEE51, no. 2 (2013): 114-119. Null, Linda, and Julia Lobur.The essentials of computer organization and architecture. Jones Bartlett Publishers, 2014. Patterson, David A., and John L. Hennessy.Computer organization and design: the hardware/software interface. Newnes, 2013. Robertazzi, Thomas G.Computer networks and systems: queueing theory and performance evaluation. Springer Science Business Media, 2012. Sterbenz, James PG, Egemen K. Cetinkaya, Mahmood A. Hameed, Abdul Jabbar, Shi Qian, and Justin P. Rohrer. "Evaluation of network resilience, survivability, and disruption tolerance: analysis, topology generation, simulation, and experimentation."Telecommunication systems52, no. 2 (2013): 705-736. White, Curt.Data communications and computer networks: A business users approach. Cengage Learning, 2015. [1] Patterson, David A., and John L. Hennessy.Computer organization and design: the hardware/software interface. Newnes, 2013. [2] White, Curt.Data communications and computer networks: A business users approach. Cengage Learning, 2015. [3] Hayes, Jeremiah.Modeling and analysis of computer communications networks. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. [4] Kim, Hyojoon, and Nick Feamster. "Improving network management with software defined networking."Communications Magazine, IEEE51, no. 2 (2013): 114-119. [5] Barabasi, Albert-Lszl, and Jennifer Frangos.Linked: the new science of networks science of networks. Basic Books, 2014. [6] Robertazzi, Thomas G.Computer networks and systems: queueing theory and performance evaluation. Springer Science Business Media, 2012. [7] Sterbenz, James PG, Egemen K. Cetinkaya, Mahmood A. Hameed, Abdul Jabbar, Shi Qian, and Justin P. Rohrer. "Evaluation of network resilience, survivability, and disruption tolerance: analysis, topology generation, simulation, and experimentation."Telecommunication systems52, no. 2 (2013): 705-736. [8] Null, Linda, and Julia Lobur.The essentials of computer organization and architecture. Jones Bartlett Publishers, 2014. [9] Patterson, David A., and John L. Hennessy.Computer organization and design: the hardware/software interface. Newnes, 2013. [10] White, Curt.Data communications and computer networks: A business users approach. Cengage Learning, 2015. [11] Hayes, Jeremiah.Modeling and analysis of computer communications networks. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. [12] Kim, Hyojoon, and Nick Feamster. "Improving network management with software defined networking."Communications Magazine, IEEE51, no. 2 (2013): 114-119.

A Book Report Zero Coupon by Paul Erdman an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

A Book Report: Zero Coupon by Paul Erdman When Zero Coupon by Paul Erdman opens the main character, William (Willy) F. Saxton has just completed a three year plus one day sentence at the white-collar Federal Correctional Institution in Pleasanton, California for improprieties while selling junk bonds (Erdman). There is nothing illegal about selling junk bonds per se, but Erdman does not reveal the specific nature of Willy's crime Need essay sample on "A Book Report: Zero Coupon by Paul Erdman" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Our Customers Very Often Tell Us: How can I order education essay online? EssayLab specialists advise: Ask Us To Write My Paper And Get Professional Help Coursework Writing Service OnlineTerm Paper Writing Service Online While in prison, Willy redesigned the prison library with an emphasis toward finance and economics. Consequently he was able to keep current with the world economics as well as develop a multifaceted financial plan that would allow him to continue to work in finance even though the SEC banned him for life from the securities industry. Before going to prison Willy had stashed sixty million dollars in a numbered bank account Liechtenstein. By the time Willy got out of prison, the money had increased to nearly seventy-five million. Willy planned to use this money to provide capital for his plan (Erdman). The first move Willy makes is to gain control of the investment-banking firm of Prescott & Quackenbush. This firm is 'regarded as on of San Francisco's finest' investment banks (Erdman 14). The bank is owned by two of Willy's friends, but is in trouble. They have been hit with a lawsuit that threatens the firm's ability to remain solvent (Erdman). Willy next buys forty-nine percent, with an option to buy the remaining fifty-one percent, of Western Credit Rating, a company that rates bonds before the bonds are issued for sell. The company has a cash flow problem and is seeing its marketplace on the West Coast erode as two of the largest bond rating companies, Standard and Poors and Moody's, have begun to move into the market in a large way. Willy also uses an implied threat of revealing the owner's involvement in a fraudulent company to convince the owner of Western Credit Rating to sell. This threat will come to haunt Willy. In the process of setting up his business, Willy ingratiates himself to a famous San Francisco socialite named Denise van Bercham. She introduces him to a wide variety of people. When she introduces Willy to the Chief Administrative Officer of San Francisco. In a discussion about how difficult is to finance services for the poor. Willy suggests they 'piggyback' bonds to finance these services to a regular issue of San Francisco bonds. To 'piggyback' the bonds is to require that anyone who purchases any of San Francisco's normally highly rated bonds must also buy some of the lesser-rat ed bonds to finance social services for the poor. This act helps Willy establish credibility within the San Francisco community and enhances his reputation (Erdman). Willy's next move is to start a company that uses advanced technology to predict market movement. He hires 'geeks' all of whom have been in trouble with the SEC and has them build a massive computer system and use a calculus that takes into account as many factors as possible to predict future movements in currency. To make this work he exhausts all of his funds and needs to provide additional capital. He issues zero coupon bonds to get the needed money and the company begins to operate. By thoroughly analyzing international currencies Willy hopes to make money by investing in derivatives. His plan works well and he quickly makes enough money to settle all of his debts and to make certain his company will continue to make money. Willy's financial scheme is to make money by buying and selling derivatives that are essentially money futures. His theory is that given sufficient information he will be able to predict movements in the value of currencies. He does this by selling short on derivatives or money futures. To provide short term capital, Willy makes use of information Willy has gained about a proposed recycling center in Ukiah and plans to build a town in Eastern Oregon to issues zero coupon bonds to finance two bogus recycling systems for two small cities in Northern California. He sells these bonds to an acquaintance on the East Coast. Since the bonds are not payable for forty years, Willy has in effect used bogus bonds to obtain capital to provided needed financing for his company with virtually no threat of being caught until the bonds become payable. Once Willy has made a sufficient profit he retires the bogus bonds he has issued by paying a premium of twenty-five percent to his friend on the East C oast. Although this process was illegal, Willy destroyed all the evidence when he burned the bonds and no one is the wiser and he is not exposed to threat of punishment (Erdman). 'Junk bonds' are bonds that are rated below investment grade. Investment grade is usually considered to be anything rating from BBB- or higher by Standard and Poor's or Baa3 or higher by Moody's. Typically these bonds pay a high rate of return but the risk is greater (Erdman). 'Credit rating companies' are companies that rate bonds prior to the time the bonds are issued. The two best-known companies are Poor's and Moody's. The 'SEC' or Securities Exchange Commission is a federal agency charged with enforcing federal security laws and regulating the securities industry. The SEC has the authority to ban people found guilty of fraud and other crimes for life. According to Erdman the SEC does not have the authority to provide oversight of credit rating companies. A 'bond' is a financial instrument used by both governments and private companies to get capital. Typically the bond is issued for a particular time and pays a specified interest rate. The purchaser of the bond 'clips' the bond coupons and turns them into the issuing organization. The 'zero coupon bond' mentioned in the title is a type of bond that has no coupons. Instead all the interest is paid when the bonds are retired at the end of the specified time (Erdman). 'Derivatives' are an instrument where an investor borrows funds at a specified rate and immediately sells the funds at the current rate. He takes the money this generates and, when the term of the contract expires uses this money to pay the amount he borrowed. If the currency has been devalued as the investor hopes, he is able to repay the loan and pocket the difference. If however the value of the currency goes up the investor will lose money. Derivatives are considered extremely risky because of the enormous amount of factors that can influence the value of a particular currency. This plan works well and the company soon begins to make money at a phenomenal rate, making approximately a half billion dollars in one week. A 'cash flow problem' is a situation in which a company, although financially stable, has difficulty meeting its current obligations. Typically this is a short term problem do to a lack of liquidity, i.e., the ability to convert assets into cash to pay bills. Erdman writes both fiction and nonfiction books dealing with the world of finance. His fiction is in the financial thriller genre and has been a bestseller. Some of them have been made into successful movies. He has publish finance books in both German and English. He has written columns for many newspapers and magazines. Erdman has extensive experience and education in this area. He earned a PhD from the University of Basel in Switzerland (Erdman flyleaf). Zero Coupon is an exciting and informative book. Erdman writes in the third person. His prose is clear and easy to read. At times the financial details are complex and confusing, but Erdman does a good job of explaining what the terms mean. The plot twists in Zero Coupon are often surprising and as a result engage the reader fully. Like all of Erdman's fictional works Zero Coupon is an excellent book and a thought-provoking read. It has been ten years since he has published a novel, hopefully Erdman will write a new financial thriller soon. Works Cited Erdman, Paul. Zero Coupon. New York: Tom Doherty Associates, Inc., A Forge Book, 1993.

Critical analysis essays

Critical analysis essays On September 11, 2001 our world became united due to tragic events that occurred in the United States. No one really understands why these events took place, but Louis Jaramillo tried to further explain his thoughts in an emotional, creative, visual form. In Louiss thought provoking piece he exemplifies primary, secondary, and complementary colors. He provides line, value, and overlapping. The explosion of many colors used in the piece each illustrates a very important meaning, which to me represents the implosion of the twin towers. A large portion of the piece is red, which relates to the massive amount of bloodshed during the September 11 attacks. In addition to the red there are many other colors following a circular pattern around the piece. These colors each represent their own individuality as a country, but as the colors blend together they signify unification. These colors represent the many nations involved in the uniting of our world. In the center of the piece there are two very distinct objects. One of the objects appears to resemble a circular drawing that allows the piece to continue the circular flow, just as the world would. The other object signifies the writings of a foreign language, which represents the terrorists. It is art like Louis Jaramillo that make us reflect on the tragic events that occurred on September 11, 2001. It stirred the emotions of sadness as well as love for a country were people pull together and become one in a time of tragedy. ...

Media of Social Media on the Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media of Social Media on the Society - Essay Example People do not get the opportunity to experience real life situations because of the social media sites. Social sites lead to individuals believing that they can measure their success using the success of others. They enable most people to feel that they are living a real life because of the activities of a social site. The society expects individuals to act and behave in a particular manner. In addition to, individuals end up equating their success through the likes and comments they get from a social site. It has a negative attitude towards the growth of most young boys and girls in the society. Most societies do not measure their success on the likes and comments on Facebook (Gummow, 22). Social media sites affect the society negatively because it changes the mental set up of most children in the society. Children are the leaders of tomorrow, and they should invest most of their time concentrating on school. The social sites change the perception most people have on the values of the society. Exposure of young children to social leads to the children learning little about their culture (Healey, 32). The society tends to shape their message in a manner to attract many viewers. The social media shapes their messages to attract most viewers. The messages on social media sites are not authentic because they will not reach the intended audience. The social media change the cultures of most societies in the world. It tries to make the life of people better, but it leads moral deprivation of the community (Potter, 23).

Ethical Dimensions of Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical Dimensions of Health Care - Essay Example this case, the patient tells the doctor that her belief system allows no blood transfusion of which the doctor agreed to respect that faith and will do no transfusion as agreed in accordance to the patient’s belief system. The risks are known and the agreement was made. The principle of informed consent bind me to the agreement made based on the disclosed information of the patient and informing her of the risk. The risk may be greater but the alternative also has risk. The patient is specific and she knows what she would go through. In this case where risk cannot be discounted, the most prudent and humane thing to do is to follow the patient’s request. The doctor can dissuade informing her of the risks involved, but in the end, it is the patient’s decision that must prevail and respected. My conscience will haunt me if I will not follow our agreement and did transfusion which violated her religious faith and then she died. On the other hand, the patient will also not like and will likely sue me with the danger of losing my license if I did the transfusion and she lived. She will also be haunted by her conscience because her faith was violated and my purpose as a physician is defeated because she did not like the way I did the

Gentrification And The Effects On Urban Development Sociology Essay

Gentrification And The Effects On Urban Development Sociology Essay Today, the urban development is vulnerable to the growing impact of gentrification. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the process of gentrification emerges under the impact of multiple factors, including economic and social ones and the process of globalization, which stimulate consistent changes in urban development. At the same time, the process of urban development leads to socioeconomic and demographic changes, provoked by the gentrification. However, possible effects of gentrification are still under-researched and the debate on whether gentrification leads to positive or negative effects persists. Nevertheless, changes in the development of cities are significant and force policy makers either to support or to slow down the process of gentrification. However, any attempt of policy makers to regulate the process of gentrification and, therefore, urban development confronts the problem of the interference of state in the process of local economic development. In such a situation, policy makers should understand clearly whether gentrification has positive or negative effects and whether benefits of gentrification outweigh its disadvantages. In fact, the support of gentrification is essential only on the condition of the positive effect on the urban development but, in actuality, the risk of widening gaps between different social classes, namely between the rich and the poor, may widen that may lead to the exclusion of the poor and their marginalization. Therefore, the process of gentrification needs to be studied in details but policy makers should take into consideration the fact that gentrification has a considerable impact on the social, economic and demographic development of modern urban areas. THE ESSENCE OF GENTRIFICATION Definition of gentrification Gentrification is a relatively new trend, although specialists (De Courcy Hinds, 1987) refer the origin of gentrification to the mid-20th century and the post-World War II period, when considerable changes in communities inhabited by representatives of lower- and working class had started. In this regard, it is possible to refer to the experience of Brooklyn, New York: On November 22, 1966, a small group of city construction workers arrived at the corner of State and Nevins Street in Brooklyn with orders to raze an abandoned brownstone. Having recently gained possession of the dilapidated four-story building through non-payment of taxes, the city had become concerned that the empty townhouse was a gathering place for homeless men and drug users and decided to demolish it (Osman, 2011, 1). However, it is only by the late 20th century, the trend to gentrification had become strong and today this is one of the most significant trends in the urban development. At this point, specialists (McKenzie, 2006) define gentrification as the process of shift of the middle class population in low income and working class communities. As a rule, the native population of low-income and working class communities is steadily replaced by representatives of the upper-class and professionals, who settle in the area, whereas the share of the native population decreases substantially. The wealthier population moves to low-income and working class communities, settles their and starts developing local communities. In such a situation, the native population of these communities has to move to other areas and settle there. Nevertheless, the process of gentrification is still under-researched and needs further studies because this process is quite complicated and relatively new. This is why researchers attempt to explore the process of gentrification in the context of urban development (Sassen, 1995). In such a way, it is possible to understand its effects on urban development. However, before studying effects of gentrification on urban development, it is necessary to dwell upon basic causes of gentrification. Causes of gentrification can help to understand the essence of this process and its effects in a long-run perspective. Economic causes of gentrification On analyzing causes of gentrification, specialists (Brandes Gratz, 1989) point out economic concerns as one of the major causes of gentrification. To put it more precisely, the economic development of large cities contributes to the fast progress and growth of the population along with the growth of needs and requirements of the population concerning residential areas, conveniences and environment. In such a situation, the younger generation of professionals and representatives of the middle class often prefers to move to low-income and working class communities, where they can afford purchasing a permanent lodging at a relatively low price and, thus, start living separately from their parents, owning their own lodging. The availability of lodging and its relatively low price attracts representatives of the middle class, who look for independence and affordable lodging. In addition, many professionals are driven to low-income and working class communities by their professional concerns. For instance, if professionals work in the city, they feel more comfortable, when they live close to their work that allows them to save travel time as well as money. In such a situation, economic concerns become prior to representatives of the middle class and professionals, mainly young people, who move to low-income and working class communities from traditional areas of their living. Social causes of gentrification In actuality, social factors also play an important part in the emergence of gentrification in modern cities that affects consistently their development. In this regard, specialists (Ley, 1995) argue that artists, teachers and cultural administrators are in the avant-garde of gentrification because they seek for new place of residence, where they can settle being free of the dependence on automotive transportation and other issues emerging in the suburban areas, where representatives of the middle class normally live. In fact, young graduates, educators, artists and other representatives of the middle class prefer to settle closer to the city center to get access to basic conveniences, services and important city areas, including hospitals, trade centers and other areas. In such a way, they attempt to maintain the lifestyle they have used to while studying and get wider access to basic services they need at the moment. In addition, gentrification increases their independence from par ents and automotive transport. In such a way, representatives of the middle class move to low-income and working class communities. Economic globalization At the same time, some specialists (Ley, 1986) point out that the process of gentrification is closely intertwined and is provoked by the process of globalization. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the fact that the process of globalization contributes to the free and fast movement of capital along with the migration of the population. The migration of the population and movement of capital being enhanced by the free movement of capital stimulates gentrification. Representatives of the middle class purchase houses in low-income and working class communities and they can repair and improve to match their standards of living. In this regard, immigrants with a relatively high level of income can also move to low-income and working class community, where they can purchase houses at a relatively low price and repair them respectively to their standards. At the same time, globalization contributes to the emergence of banking and service activities which replace the traditional manufacturing core of the urban economy. In such a situation, professional working in the banking industry and professionals working in different industries providing services prefer to move to low-income and working class communities, where they can settle close to their workplace, whereas many professionals today work just at home that allow them to save time and money on transportation. At the same time, low-income and working class communities attract them due to the relatively low price and location close to the city center and respective conveniences and services being available to representatives of the middle class living in these communities. THE EFFECTS OF GENTRIFICATION ON URBAN DEVELOPMENT Economic effects of gentrification In actuality, the process of gentrification leads to consistent changes in urban development and affects consistently the economic development of communities vulnerable to the impact of gentrification. In this regard, many specialists warn that the obvious problem being that the low income portion of the social fold is being disregardedà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬literally and figuratively (Whatà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Up with Gentrification, 2007, 5). What is meant here is the fact that gentrification leads to the replacement of poor, working class population by representatives of the middle class. In such a situation, low-income families and representatives of the working class have to move from their communities to other ones, where the standards of living are even lower than that of their own communities inhabited by representatives of the middle class. Representatives of the middle class, in their turn, inhabit low-income and working class communities start consistent changes in local communities, where they settle. These changes lead to consistent raise in standards of living because they repair their houses and stimulate the development of commerce and different services, which are essential for the maintenance of their high standards of living. In such a way, representatives of the middle class invest substantial funds in the development of local communities to match them to their traditional standards of living, which are naturally consistently higher than standards of living for low-income families and representatives of the working class. At the same time, the rise of standards of living, significant investments, the development of the local infrastructure, services and facilities increases substantially the price of real estate in the community as well as costs of living in the community. In such a situation, representatives of the middle class settling in low-income and working class community bring considerable investments but these investments lead to the increase of costs of living in communities making the life unaffordable for low-income and working class population. As a result, the economic development of communities vulnerable to the impact of gentrification changes consistently. Specialists (McKenzie, 2006) argue that representatives of the middle class moving to low-income and working class communities boost their economic development that leads to the increase in housing prices and overall rise of costs of living. As a result, low-income and working class communities turn from poverty stricken communities into successful and rapidly progressing communities, where business activities emerge successfully. At first glance, economic effects of gentrification are positive. However, specialists (Sassen, 1995) warn that such positive effects of gentrification can have extremely dangerous side-effects, especially in relation to low-income and working class. To put it more precisely, the low-income and working class population has to move from the communities, where people used to live before the arrival of representatives of the middle class. Often they have to move away from the areas located close to the city center and they should look for cheap lodging. However, as the process of gentrification emerges, they have substantial problems with finding cheap lodging, while they cannot afford constructing their own houses, which used to be the prerogative of representatives of the middle class. Representatives of the low-income and working class cannot afford purchasing their own homes as well. In such a situation, they are doomed to live in outskirts of large cities or other areas, where cond itions of living deteriorate and become unbearable for the population. In contrast, representatives of the middle class improve conditions of living, stimulate the development of business activities. As a result, the poor are forced to live in communities suffering from economic stagnation, whereas the rich and middle class prosper. The economic disparity between classes deteriorates the economic development of low-income and working class. The disparity in economic development of different parts of cities leads to the backwardness of the parts inhabited by low-income and working class, whereas parts of cities inhabiting by middle class prosper. The economic prosperity stimulated by gentrification improves the local infrastructure and opens new ways for the development of business activities. As a result, the wealth of the middle and upper-class increases and is accumulated in the hands of representatives of the middle and upper-class. In contrast, the poor grow poorer and cannot afford living within the city that leads to their marginalization. Social effects of gentrification At the same time, consistent economic changes affect the development of the social life of communities vulnerable to the impact of gentrification. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the deterioration of the economic situation in urban areas and the deterioration of the position of low-income and working class. Representatives of the middle class are also vulnerable to the impact of gentrification. However, the impact of gentrification is different in relation to low-income and working class and in relation to the middle class. Economic changes affect consistently the position of both classes that naturally contributes to consistent social changes. In fact, the poor are vulnerable to the negative impact of gentrification. First of all, they have to move from their traditional residential areas to new ones, where they have to start a new life and where conditions of living are worse compared to the communities they used to live in. Representatives of the low-income and working class have to live in new communities and start a new life, which naturally evokes a number of social problems, among which it is necessary to develop basic infrastructure and positive relationships within the community. Furthermore, as the poor have to move to a new residential area, they often have to change their workplace because they cannot always afford covering transportation costs or the schedule of their work makes their work impossible. As they change the workplace, they may face the problem of unemployment, especially because they have to move to areas with the poor business development and with stagnating economy. In such a situation, representatives of the low-income and working class can face another problem à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ the problem of high crime rates in areas, where they settle after they have to move from their communities under the impact of gentrification. In fact, being in a desperate position and having no means for living, the poor are forced to commit crimes to earn for living and to afford living in a new community, where they move to from communities now inhabited by representatives of the middle class mainly. Representatives of the low-income and working class slip to criminal activities that naturally increase the social tension in poverty-stricken neighborhoods, where they live. Another social problem representatives of the lower class face is the lack of access to education. In fact, as they are removed from traditional residential areas, where they used to live, the poor have to develop their life in new communities and areas, which are often underdeveloped. They cannot afford developing education organizations and education system in their new community on their own. The state and local authorities are not always capable and willing to support the population of local communities. As a result, new communities inhabiting by the poor either have insufficient capacities to provide access to education for students in these communities, or have no education organizations at all. Obviously, the lack of access to education will increase the social tension even more because without education individuals cannot get well-paid jobs and good career opportunities. In addition, children living in low-income communities with the high level of crime rates are vulnerable t o the impact of their criminal environment. Therefore, the position of the poor will deteriorate, whereas social problems will increase over and over again. In addition, it is worth mentioning the fact that health care services are not available to the poor, who have to move to new residential areas after representatives of the upper class have replaced them in their traditional residential areas. In fact, health care services are not available as education services. Today, health care services are very expensive and the poor cannot afford the development of health care organizations in their communities, whereas the state lacks funds for the provision of health care services to all people. In such a situation, the poor are deprived of basic opportunities to have access to basic health care services. In contrast to the poor, representatives of the middle class can benefit from gentrification economically but they can hardly benefit from gentrification in social terms. What is meant here is the fact that representatives of the middle class exclude representatives of the lower class from the mainstream culture and benefits associated with the fast economic development of their communities. In fact, in social terms, gentrification leads to the growing tension between representatives of different social classes. To put it in simple words, representatives of the middle class improve their conditions of living, whereas the poor become poorer and suffer from a bunch of socio-economic problems. Moreover, the gap between the rich and the poor grows wider and specialists (Sassen, 1995) forecast serious conflicts between the two classes under the impact of gentrification because the problem will aggravate and the gap between the two classes will widen. Demographic effects of gentrification Along with numerous economic and social effects of gentrification, specialists (McKenzie, 2006) distinguish demographic effects. In this respect, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that the process of gentrification contributes to consistent demographic changes. In fact, representatives of the middle class purchasing houses in the low-income and working class communities tend to have a few children. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that representatives of the middle class, who move to low-income and working class communities, are young people mainly. As a rule, they are not having children, when they move to low-income and working class communities. They need substantial financial resources to start a new life in low-income and working class communities. In such a situation, representatives of the middle class prefer to invest in the repair of their new houses and the development of low-income and working class communities to transform them into prosperous co mmunities. In such a situation, the rise of taxes and costs of living decreases the capabilities of representatives of the middle class living in low-income and working class communities of having children. In a long-run perspective, gentrification leads to the aging of the population living in communities, where representatives of the middle class have moved to. The same trend can be traced in low-income and working class communities because they cannot afford maintaining large families. In such a situation, the risk of the demographic crisis emerges because both representatives of the middle and lower classes have a few children. Specialists (Brandes Gratz, 1989) argue that, in a long-run perspective, the demographic crisis provoked by gentrification can lead to the aging of the population. The latter may provoke the deterioration of the economic situation and provoke social problems. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF GENTRIFICATION Advantages of gentrification Obviously, gentrification has a number of advantages. First of all, gentrification stimulates the fast economic development of low-income and working class communities because representatives of the middle class invest substantial financial resources in the development of the communities. The investment and the development of local infrastructure increase housing prices in local areas. In such a situation, the housing taxes increase as the wealth of the community increases. Therefore, the economic development of communities under the impact of gentrification is accelerated. The development of communities stimulates the development of cities at large because cities benefit from the increased revenues obtained from taxation and accelerated economic development of would be low-income and working class communities. Representatives of the middle class obtain large opportunities for the further improvement of their standards of living. As a result, they benefit from gentrification. Disadvantages of gentrification On the other hand, gentrification brings a number of problems and has substantial disadvantages. First of all, Gentrification deteriorates the position of the poor, who have to move from low-income and working class communities, which are inhabited by representatives of the middle class. Their economic position becomes even worse as they have to move to new communities. In fact, the poverty breeds poverty being expelled from low-income and working class communities by representatives of the middle class. In addition, representatives of the lower class have to move to new communities, where a bunch of socioeconomic problems emerge. Among the major problems of socioeconomic problems, it is worth mentioning unemployment, the lack of access of the poor to education and basic health care services, and other problems. However, what is more important about gentrification is widening the gap between the rich and the poor. In fact, the poor become poorer, whereas representatives of the middle class improve their position. In such a situation, gentrification can undermine the foundation of modern cities because it raises unsurpassable barriers between the rich and the poor living in the cities but this antagonism can provoke serious social conflicts, including growing crime rates, which may affect not only poverty stricken communities but also other communities, including communities inhabited by representatives of the middle class and communities emerged in terms of gentrification. CONCLUSION Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that gentrification is quite a controversial process. In actuality, it is obvious that gentrification affects consistently the urban development. However, effects of gentrification can be highly controversial. On the one hand, gentrification stimulates the economic development of communities, where representatives of the middle class move to. However, economic benefits may be short-run, whereas, in a long-run perspective, gentrification can lead to the widening gap between the rich and the poor in cities. The latter problem will lead to the deterioration of the social stability within cities. Nevertheless, the full impact of gentrification on urban development should be studied further.

The New Deal :: essays research papers

The New Deal "How well did the New Deal combat the Depression?" I think that the answer to this question is that it did very well and I would give it a grade of an A. When Roosevelt took office, in 1933, he had three goals in mind, to save the banks, save the people, and to rebuild the economy. He set his sights on returning the banks to their prosperous days of the pre-depression age. Since the beginning of the Depression, banks were closing faster than the people could withdraw all of their money. He countered this by closing all the banks and had Congress pass an Emergency Banking Act that made federal loans available to private bankers. At the same time he passed an Economy Act that required the government to balance the budget. These helped ease the financial problems throughout the nation and then he began to restructure the banking system with such acts as The Glass-Stegall Act and the creation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. He also set up the Securities Act and the securities Exchange Act that were overdue regulations for the Stock Market. In order to enforce all these new acts, he started the Securities and Exchange Commission. These actions got the banks and the financial system started in the right direction of what would be a slow recovery process. Roosevelt's next objective was to take care of the people. Though Roosevelt was a conservative, he realized the extreme need to help the poor. He had Congress respond promptly, and established the Federal Emergency Relief Administration that gave $500 million in relief to the poor people of the country. Roosevelt then went on to create organizations that would offer jobs and a sense of self-esteem to the unemployed of the country. One of these organizations was the Civilian Conservation Corps that provided young men with jobs to improved the environment. They had such jobs as planting trees and helping to stop erosion. Another government activity was the Civil Works Administration that paid unemployed people $15 a week to perform government projects. Many people during this time were also in jeopardy of losing their homes. To this, Roosevelt established the Homeowners' loan Corporation that allowed people to restructure or take out another mortgages on their homes. His ensuing step was to rebuild the economy. Roosevelt felt that recovery would not only come from relief efforts, but also with the cooperation from agriculture and industrial groups. Probably the most significant acts by him and Congress were the Agricultural Adjustment

Sport Btec Fittness Cards

Muscle exercised Pectorals, triceps, biceps and deltoids. These muscles are located in your shoulders, arms and thorax. Method Lie down on the bench, make sure your comfortable as you do not want to be adjusting during reps. Grip barbell roughly 8 inches apart, again make sure your grip is secure and comfortable. Lower the bar slowly and smoothly directly over your chest and in the same rhythm up to the top again. Try to remain smooth in your transaction from the down to the up as if you are doing it in a jerking action you my cause injury.Your back should remain in contact with the bench at all times and your arms should not lock. Notes Your biceps and pectorals are agonist when your on the way down with bar and on the way up they are antagonist. your biceps are synergist with your triceps because when your biceps are agonist your triceps are antagonist and vice versa. Deltoids are agonist when the bar is on the way up and antagonist when the bar is on the way down. Muscle exercised Rectus abdominis Method Standard sit ups consist of lying flat on your back with your legs bent up at the knees in a triangle shape.You then bring your chest up too your knees, this should be done with your arms across you chest because if they are behind your head it is easy to pull your head up and strain your neck. Obviously you then reverse the action going back down trying to keep your back slightly of the ground each time as to feel the full effects of each sit up. Notes The rectus abdominis is agonist on the way up in the standard sit up and is antagonist on the way back down. This means that on the way up it shortens to allow the movement to take place and then on the way down the muscle will relax again.The best example of agonist and antagonist movements is in a twist sit up. This is because when your internal oblique is agonist your external oblique is antagonist and vice versa. Muscles exercised Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, semi membranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris Method In a squat you start by putting the maximum or close to the maximum weight you can lift on a barbell. You should then place the barbell across your shoulders you will then lower yourself to a close to sitting position. During this the torso must be kept straight as not to put any strain on your back.You then slowly rise back up to the starting position and repeat. Notes The quadriceps are agonist when on your dip and on the extension back up they are antagonist. Simultaneously to this your semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris otherwise known as your hamstrings are doing the opposite. The muscles of your abdomen are synergists that work together to allow the agonist to operate more effectively. Muscles exercised Gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis anterior Method Nautilus workout machines target all the muscle groups in the leg. The machine best suited for these muscles is the nautilus calf machine. et up the machine by putting the pin in the stack at the weight most appropriate for you. Then step up on to the calf raise platform and put your shoulders under the pads making sure the middle of each foot rests on the platform. You then proceed to push up so you are on your tip toes, slowly lower your feet back down to finish repartition. Notes When going up on to your tip toes your soleus and tibialis anterior are the muscles that are agonist and your gastrocnemius is antagonist. When lowering back down to flat footed the roles of the agonists and antagonists are reversed.

Akeelah and the Bee - Essay - 3141 Words

Akeelah and the Bee April 20, 2012 Identifying Information Akeelah is an eleven year old African American girl who lives in South Los Angeles being raised by her mother, Tanya, who father was killed when she was six years old. She is attending Crenshaw Middle School. She has three siblings and a niece and her mother works long hours to have extra money to support her family. Akeelah is a very smart an intelligent girl who loves to study and learn words. Presenting Problem Akeelah is grieving the death of her father even though he died when she was six years old. It appears her mother is not emotionally supportive to Akeelah through this grieving process because her mother works long hours as a nurse. Akeelah is not only having to†¦show more content†¦One psychologist, Urie Bronfenbrenner states the ecological approach to human behavior deals with a growing human being and his or her environment which progress a mutual accommodation throughout the course of Life (Bronfenbrenner 1979). Goodness-of-fit is a reciprocal process that can result in a god fit when there is a good match between an individual and his environment or a poor fit when the match between an individual and environment is poor (Greene 1999). My assumption is that before Akeelah’s the death Akeelah’s father, there was a goodness-of-fit in their family. Her mother could have always been home with her children, her oldest brother Devon was home, her other broth er, Terrence, was not under bad influence, and her sister, Kiana’s, life would not be broken. They supposedly had a happy family, good relationships with each other and mutual respect. After Akeelah’s father died, she relocated from a good fit to a poor fit where the match between her and her environment is different. Akeelah’s mother started to work longer hours as a nurse in a hospital to survive and care for her children as she continues to stress about her life. Akeelah’s life is not going easy because the impact of the loss of a parent for Akeelah and her family is underestimated. When a person has to cope with a parent dying can stir fears of a loss self (Walsh amp; McGoldrick 1995). Children whoShow MoreRelated Akeelah and the Bee Essay2422 Words   |  10 Pages Akeelah Anderson, an eleven year old African American student from the Crenshaw neighborhood of South Los Angeles, struggles to overcome the limitations of her environment in order to succeed in a national spelling bee competition. As our group discussed the film Akeelah and the Bee we first wanted to look at the themes the film presents. We originally thought of the more oblivious ones such as how race and socioeconomic class play apart in the film. We also started to notice that the film presented